Understanding Expressive Roles and Task Roles

Expressive roles and task roles, also known as instrumental roles, describe two ways of participating in social relationships. People in expressive roles tend to pay attention to how everyone is getting along, managing conflict, soothing hurt feelings, encouraging good humor, and take care of things that contribute to one’s feelings within the social group. People in task roles, on the other hand, pay more attention to achieving whatever goals are important to the social group, like earning money to provide resources for survival, for example. Sociologists believe that both roles are required for small social groups to function properly  and that each provides a form of leadership: functional and social. Parsonss Domestic Division of Labor How sociologists understand expressive roles and task roles today is rooted in Talcott Parsons development of them as concepts within his formulation of the domestic division of labor. Parsons was a mid-century American sociologist, and his theory of the domestic division of labor reflects gender role biases that proliferated at that time and that are often considered traditional, though theres scant factual evidence to back up this assumption. Parsons is known for popularizing the structural functionalist perspective within sociology, and his description of expressive and task roles fits within that framework. In his view, assuming heteronormative and patriarchally organized nuclear family unit, Parsons framed the man/husband as fulfilling  the instrumental role by working outside the home to provide the money required to support the family. The father, in this sense, is instrumental or task-oriented --he accomplishes a specific task (earning money) that is required for the family unit to function. In this model, the woman/wife plays a complementary expressive role by serving as the caregiver for the family. In this role, she is responsible for the primary socialization of the children  and provides morale and cohesion for the group through emotional support and social instruction. A Broader Understanding and Application Parsons conceptualization of expressive and task roles was limited by stereotypical ideas about gender, heterosexual relationships, and unrealistic expectations for family organization and structure, however, freed of these ideological constraints, these concepts have value and are usefully applied to understanding social groups today. If you think about your own life and relationships, you can probably see that some people clearly embrace the expectations of either expressive or task roles, while others might do both. You might even notice that you and others around you seem to move between these different roles depending on where they are, what they are doing, and who they are doing it with. People can be seen to be playing these roles in all small social groups, not just families. This can be observed within friend groups, households that are not composed of family members, sports teams or clubs, and even among colleagues in a workplace setting. Regardless of the setting, one will see people of all genders playing both roles at various times. Updated  by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.

Globalization Is The Fight Against The Things We Don t...

â€Å"There may be times when we are powerless to prevent injustice, but there must never be a time when we fail to protest† Elie Wiesel once said about activism. Activism is the fight against the things we don’t like or want in our lives today or it could be something that we are fighting for that the government doesn’t think it is necessary. Activism brings out protests about political or social change that people want and are fighting for. Naomi Klein is a social activist who has wrote books to fight for what she believes in and discriminates what she thinks is bad for our country and in other countries as well. Klein wrote the books No Logo, Fences and Windows, This Changes Everything: Capitalism vs The Climate, and The Shock Doctrine.†¦show more content†¦In Fences and Windows, Klein refers to the WTO, World Trade Organization, blocking South African attempts to manufacture patented AIDS drugs while allowing Canada to override a patent for anthrax a ntibiotic, despite the fact that â€Å"Canada still hasn’t had a single diagnosed case of anthrax† (Fences and Windows 82). This books, Fences and Windows, a metaphor is being used throughout the book with the words of the title, fences are â€Å"barriers erected by the multinational corporations, para-governmental institutions and superstrates to contain and separate people from what were previously public resources† and the windows are for us to open new opportunities for ourselves (Christie). By this, it helps the idea that â€Å"globalization reaches into every aspect of life, transforming every activity and natural resource† (Christie). In addition, Fences and Windows begin with Seattle and run through to the aftermath of 9/11 and â€Å"Klein’s portraits of street protests, repressive police tactics are the internal dilemmas of the movement are alternately humorous and horrifying, always engrossing and colorful† (Higgs). Klein writes: The security forces used the actions of a few rock-throwers†¦ to do what they had been trying to do from the start: clear the city of thousands of lawful protesters because it was more convenient that way. Once they got their ‘provocation’, they filled entire neighborhoods with tear gas†¦ People giving the peace sing to police were grassed.Show MoreRelatedGlobalization, Neo-Liberalism, and New Social Movements in Singapore1986 Words   |  8 Pages26, 2012 Political Science 160 SINGA-PURA (SINGAPORE) The world becomes more and more complex. Things have never been the same. Changes became rapid and impulsive that at some point, we are confused as to how to address these changes. 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Prevalence of Obesity in Australia Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Prevalence of Obesity in Australia. Answer: Introduction Australia has been credited for having one of the most stable healthcare systems in the world. However, the country, just like any other nation, still faces a myriad of challenges in its healthcare system. For a very long time, the country has been battling different health issues such as obesity, HIV/AIDS, cancer, Tuberculosis (TB), diabetes, heart infections, and many others. These are diseases which have been identified to be the priority areas which should be properly addressed by using the most appropriate strategies. Obesity, being one of the national priority ailments, has been negatively impacting on the Australian society. However, the condition can still be addressed if appropriate interventions are taken. The purpose of this paper is to present a critical analysis of obesity as a major issue of concern in Australia. The Prevalence of Obesity in the Country Obesity, which simply refers to overweight, refers to a condition which results into an increment of an individuals body weight by at least 20% above the normal weight. Scientifically, obesity is equated to a total Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 and above. Meaning, the people who have a BMI of not less than 20 are considered to be obese (Di Cesare, et al., 2013). As a condition, obesity has been linked to an increase in the body fats. Meaning, the more fats accumulate in the body, the higher the chances of an individual contracting the disease. This is why obesity has been categorized as a lifestyle disease whose causes are linked to unhealthy behaviors such as poor eating habits and physical inactivity (Razum Steinberg, 2017). It is therefore clear that obesity can be contracted if a person does not engage in physical activities or eat sugar-rich food products such as chips, chicken, burger, sausage, and many more. These food products can increase the accumulation of fat in the body. In terms of statistics, obesity has been categorized as one of the most serious public healthcare issues across the globe. The rates of obesity has been steadily increasing world over. According to the latest statistics, at least 200 million people are currently suffering from obesity across the world. In Australia, the rate of obesity infection has been rising in the recent past. According to information from the World Health Organization, in 2015 63.4% of Australian adults had obesity (Zhao, Vemuri Arya, 2016). This is a great increase because in 1995, the rate of obesity in the country stood at 56.3%. Meaning, according to this statistics, 2 out of 3 adult Australians are obese. Out of this number, 53.6% were overweight while 18% are categorized as obese because they have a MBI of 30. Australia also has a high rate of childhood obesity which affects its younger populations. Just like their adult counterparts, the young population is susceptible to obesity because of their obsessi on with junk foods and lack of engagement in physical exercises (Hankonen, et al., 2015). Obesity has been identified as an issue because it is actually one of the most challenging healthcare issues in the country today. In 2008, the Commonwealth Government of Australia elevated obesity to the levels of diabetes, heart disease, and cancer because it had been identified as a national health priority in the country. According to recent research, obesity has been affecting different categories of people in the country. It affects everyone including the adults, children, and immigrants, indigenous and non-indigenous communities (Johnson Kenny, 2010). However, in terms of prevalence, the condition has been established to be more prevalent amongst the immigrant and indigenous Aboriginals and the Torres Strait Islander people than the non-indigenous nationals. For example, amongst the indigenous community which of course has the highest rates of obesity in the country, the prevalence stood at 31% in 2001. Subsequent studies have also proven the same and confirmed that the indig enous communities are in a dire need of help. This is a clear proof hat obesity is a very serious issue in the country. The Interventions so far implemented to tackle Obesity The decision by the Commonwealth Government of Australia, in August 2008 to add obesity to the list of National Health Priorities marked an important stage in the fight against obesity. Since then, condition has been declared as a priority issue which must be addressed because if ignored, it can create an unhealthy population which is dangerous for the prosperity of the country (Caplan, 2013). Therefore, in order to address the problem of obesity, the government and other interested stakeholders have been adopting implementing certain interventions which have positively contributed towards the eradication of obesity as outlined herein: Regulation of the Food Industry The government has established that poor diet is one of the major causes of obesity. Children and adults have been becoming overweight because of poor eating habits which make them to use unhealthy food products like pizza, ice cream, hamburgers, soft drinks, sugary carbonated carbohydrates, candy, tacos, snacks, desserts, gums, and sweets (Mytton, Clarke Rayner, 2012). These foods are dangerous because they contain sugar which results into the accumulation of fats in the body. Since these foods have been linked to obesity, the success in the eradication of the disease greatly relies on the success in the elimination of these food products. To achieve this goal, the government has been engaging in promotional campaigns to sensitize the public and empower them to change their eating habits. When people change their behaviors, they can refrain from using such food products because they can make them vulnerable to obesity. However, apart from these behavior change promotional campaigns, the government has been liaising with its partners to regulate the production, supply, and consumption of the fast food products in the country (Sacks, et al., 2015). Such initiatives include the banning of fast food ads for the children, imposition of heavy taxation on the fast food products, lowering of the amount of sugar in the fast food products, and provision of incentives to the companies engaged in the manufacture of fresh food products such as fruits and vegetables. Indeed, this strategy has been effective in addressing the persistent problem of obesity in the country. It has created awareness on healthy eating habits and made the food companies to refrain from the production and supply of fast food products in the country (Smith, Gray, Fleming Parnell, 2014). Supporting Physical Activities in the Country The other intervention which has been so far adopted by the government is to encourage the Australians to engage in physical exercises. A large number of people have been contracting obesity because they do not engage in physical activities (Bray Popkin, 2014). As a responsible government, the Commonwealth government has been collaborating with the Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), territory governments, and other interested stakeholders to support physical activity in the country. This has been implemented by adopting different kinds of strategies. First, the government has been engaging in the urban planning initiatives. Measures have been taken to advocate for the creation of recreational facilities within the urban areas. Preferential treatment has been given to the towns because the urban dwellers tend to have higher rates of physical inactivity as compared to the rural dwellers (Zhao, Vemuri Arya, 2016). Reason? In the urban centers, there are no enough recreational facilities like green parks, and sidewalks along the roads. At the same time, urban dwellers do not prefer to engage in physical exercises because of their lifestyle. Even the children do the same because they spend a lot of time watching the television and playing indoor video games. All these will be eradicated if the strategy is appropriately implemented. Secondly, the government has been supporting individuals to enroll in the gyms. These initiatives have greatly contributed towards the f ight against obesity in the country (Wen, Simpson, Rissel Baur, 2013). Each and every territory government has been coming up with ideas whose implementation has been enabling the people to engage in physical exercises. Supporting Childhood Obesity Initiatives The government has acknowledged that obesity is not uniformly distributed in the country. There are sections of the population which is at greater risk. For example, childhood obesity which has been established to be a major issue of concern has been addressed by helping the children to change their behaviors. The Australian children contract obesity because they are physically inactive and do engage in unhealthy eating habits. For example, the children prefer to eat the fast foods which are sugary (Waddingham, Stevens, Macintyre Shaw, 2015). In order to address the problem of physical inactivity amongst the children, the government has been supporting the Active After-School Community programs which are aimed at encouraging the children to get rid of obesity by engaging in physical activities. This strategy has been of great contribution in addressing the problem of childhood obesity (Feldman Vincent, 2005). Children have been sensitized to participate in physical activities and refrain from unhealthy lifestyles like spending the entire day in their houses while watching the television and playing video games. The program has been helpful because it has been creating awareness to the children to life a right lifestyle which can benefit them (Bhopal, et al., 2014). The other strategy which has been taken to address the problem of childhood obesity is the regulation of the fast food industry. The government has been achieving this goal by coming up with measures to ensure that the children do not get a free access to fast food products which is so unhealthy for them. Conclusion It is true that obesity is a major issue of concern both within and out of Australia. The prevalence of obesity in the country is higher than expected. This means that a large number of Australians have been leading unhealthy lifestyles which only put their life to risks of contracting the disease. Failure of the people to eat healthily and engage in physical activity has made them vulnerable to the disease. However, the disease can still be controlled if appropriate measures are taken. The measures so far taken by the government of Australia have been yielding lots of fruits. If it were not for the health promotional campaigns implemented, the prevalence of obesity would be higher than it currently is. Of all the cited intervention, the supporting of the physical activity is the best. The strategy is better than others because it focuses on improving the physical health of individual Australians. People should be encouraged to engage in physical activities because it can improve their health. When people exercise, they can burn excess calories and get rid of lifestyle diseases like obesity, diabetes and heart attack. Meaning, if the campaign succeeds in introducing the culture of physical fitness in the country, it will manage to provide a long-term solution to the persistent problem of lifestyle diseases. The strategy can be of great contribution if used in addressing the problem of childhood obesity. Programs like the Activity After-school should be supported because it can help in changing the lifestyle of the children by making them active members of the society. References Bhopal, R.S., et al., (2014). Effect of a lifestyle intervention on weight change in south Asian individuals in the UK at high risk of type 2 diabetes: a family-cluster randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Diabetes Endocrinology, 2(3), pp.218-227. Bray, G. A., Popkin, B. M. (2014). Dietary sugar and body weight: Have we reached a crisis in the epidemic of obesity and diabetes? Diabetes care, 37(4), 950-956. Caplan, P. ed., (2013). Food, health and identity. Routledge: London. Di Cesare, M., et al., (2013). Inequalities in non-communicable diseases and effective responses. The Lancet, 381(9866), 585-597. Feldman, S., Vincent, M. (2005). Panic Nation: Unpicking the Myths We're Told About Food and Health. London: John Blake Publishing. Hankonen, et al., (2015). Which behavior change techniques are associated with changes in physical activity, diet and body mass index in people with recently diagnosed diabetes?. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 49(1), pp.7-17. Johnson, P., Kenny, P. (2010). "Addiction-like reward dysfunction and compulsive eating in obese rats: Role for dopamine D2 receptors". Nature Neuroscience. 13 (5): 63541 Mytton, O. T., Clarke, D., Rayner, M. (2012). Taxing unhealthy food and drinks to improve health. BMJ, 344(7857), e2931. Razum, O. Steinberg, H., (2017). Diabetes in Ethnic Minorities and Immigrant Populations in Western Europe. In Diabetes Mellitus in Developing Countries and Underserved Communities (pp. 225-233). Springer International Publishing: London. Sacks, G., et al., (2015). Comparison of food industry policies and commitments on marketing to children and product (re) formulation in Australia, New Zealand and Fiji. Critical Public Health, 25(3), 299-319. Smith, C., Gray, A. R., Fleming, E. A., Parnell, W. R. (2014). Characteristics of fast- food/takeaway-food and restaurant/cafe-food consumers among New Zealand adults.Public health nutrition, 17(10), 2368-2377. Waddingham, S., Stevens, S., Macintyre, K., Shaw, K. (2015). Most of them are junk food but we did put fruit on there and we have water What children can tell us about the food choices they make. Health Education, 115(2), 126-140. Wen, L. M., Simpson, J. M., Rissel, C., Baur, L. A. (2013). Maternal junk food diet during pregnancy as a predictor of high birthweight: Findings from the healthy beginnings trial. Birth, 40(1), 46-51. Zhao, Y., Vemuri, S. R., Arya, D. (2016). The economic benefits of eliminating Indigenous health inequality in the Northern Territory. Med J Aust, 205(6), 266-269.

Patterns Design Essays - Software Design Pattern,

Patterns Design Periodically, someone asks for examples of successful (or non-successful) uses of 'fill-in-the-blank' software engineering technology. In truth, this is a difficult, if not impossible, request to fulfill. Why? There are several reasons: - Small examples, which are easily understood, can be (and often are) handily dismissed as toy (as opposed to real) applications. - It is difficult to justify the cost of a large (significant) test case (e.g., [Aron, 1969] and [Baker and Mills, 1973]). When fill-in-the-blank software engineering technology is used on a real project, accurate and detailed records are seldom kept. Thus, the results are often anecdotal. Even if accurate and detailed records are kept, it may be difficult to make any meaningful comparisons, since there may be few, if any, statistics for other similar projects which did not use fill-in-the-blank technology. - The results of a large-scale use of fill-in-the-blank technology are seldom, if ever, all positive, or all negative. This allows different interpretations for the same information. [One of the major problems is that success (i.e., what must be specifically shown to declare the technology viable) is seldom defined before the project begins.] The all-too-regrettable, and all-too-frequent, language/technology jihads (holy wars) often result from different interpretations of the same information. - The example is for a particular application domain, e.g., real-time embedded systems. Those with differing domains (e.g., MIS) can assert that the example is irrelevant for their domains. - In the case of a technology which may be implemented using a number of different programming languages, the number of problems increases dramatically, e.g.: - Some will observe that the example uses a programming language which they do not, cannot, or will not use. Thus making the example worthless -- as far as they are concerned. Bibliography none

Christian Ethics Essays (1551 words) - Bible, Christianity

Christian Ethics Exam 2, Lecture 2 We in our society are happy when we condemn other people. We as Christian cannot do it. The book of Isaiah Isaiah was trying to get the people of Israel to live exclusively according to the righteousness and justice of God. Rather than emulate the nations of Babylon, Assyrian and Egypt. Isaiah has a very clear notion of what justice is and that is the fair treatment of disadvantaged. He mentioned and the psalms mentioned this often and other prophet mentioned this and that is there are three special classes of people in Israel that are to be treated with special care, which are: the orphans, the widows and the strangers. You determine the justice of a society based on how they treat the orphans, the widows and the stranger. Now what do those three have in common? What an orphan and a widow have in common is no father, no male and no patriots. The patriot was the center of all authority and power. All inheritance passes from the patriot to the next patriot and so if you are a widow without a husband or an orphan without a father, you are not part of social power of society. You have not power because it is passed from male to male. The stranger are those people in Egypt who also came out with Moses and the Israelite in the exodus but they where not kin or decedents of Abraham, but they to were part of the protection and blessing of God from the exodus. The strangers were from a different ethical group. Everybody belongs somewhere in the world because in the book of number's it say I have access to land. The strangers had no access to any form of property, God blesses them but when they left Egypt they had no place to live. So the orphans, the widows and the stranger's do not have access to social power. They are what you call the disadvantage. Time and time again, Isaiah, the prophets and the psalms would tell us that we must treated these people fairly because according to Deuteronomy chapter 14 verse 29 (although he said Leviticus) 10% of what you have should go to the orphans, widows and strangers. This is justice. Isaiah form of justice is treating those who cannot take care of themselves fairly. Righteousness according to Isaiah is the right worship of God, which is we really recognize the uniqueness of God. That is one of the reasons why several time throughout Isaiah insults the idols. Righteousness is the right worship and the exclusive worship of God, while justice is to carry those who cannot carry themselves. Chapter 51 verse 17 The reason why Jerusalem is such a devastated and destructive place is because they wanted to emulate the other nations. They did not want to live by extreme righteousness and justice of God, so God judges them for them. Chapter 52 verse 1 This chapter talks about paradox and irony. Paradox those not mean contradiction. Contradiction is when two things don't have the same truth-values. A paradox can be both true but different. Para means aside while dox means opinion Two opinions that are aside but beside one another with different views. Redemption is eschatological according to Isaiah, which is it occurs in history but not according to historical cause. It occurs by God but not in a supernatural realm. What he describes in this chapter is that one-day Jerusalem holy city. It would be heaven on earth. Jerusalem would only become a holy city only if it is done directly by God. God those it not any other thing does it. Not another king, not another ruler, not another intuitions. This has to be done strictly by God otherwise it would just replicate the problem. Example was one of the greatest empires but now it is in ruins. So Isaiah say don't pattern yourself on something that would destroy you like the greed and the injustice but rather pattern yourself by being righteous and just and than you would become the holy city. Chapter 58 1-9 Muedfalsepiety Personal devotion should require social justice and righteousness. But the people of Israel try to manipulate God with

Health Hazards of E-Waste Recycling and Hospitals Role in India

Health Hazards of E-Waste Recycling and Hospitals Role in India Free Online Research Papers E-Waste Management is one of the major areas of concerns today. Researchers are trying to find new ways to reduce, recycle and reuse the E-Waste and governments are trying to find methods of implementations of e-waste management schemes. Developed nations are trying to cope up with this startling problem and the result is the dumping of e-waste into the developing countries like India. New health problems are emerging due to the unmanaged E-Waste industry. As the electronic recycling is an unregulated industry in India, the recycling process is dangerous to the health of its employees. A study of the related health studies in China has shown the impact of e-Waste recycling on health of workers. Such studies are important for India as these will help in designing better policies of E-Waste Management. In this paper, we present the problem of e-waste with the focus on the health. A study about the role of hospitals in dealing with this problem is also being presented with a focus of new initiatives that can be taken by hospitals in this regard. INTRODUCTION It is a major area of concern today that the wealthy countries are dumping large quantities of e-waste into the developing world. According to (Rachel Kesselman, 2007), currently, companies export 80 percent of the worlds electronic trash to Asia, and 90 percent of this flows into China, according to a BBC report. The article (Toxic Links, 2008) besides discussing the problem of e-waste recycling in India and the economies involved expresses the urgent need for educating consumers and the general public regarding the potential threat to public health and the environment posed by their products and for raising awareness for the proper waste management protocols. E-WASTE RECYCLING IN INDIA According to (Rachel Kesselman, 2007), The Indian government estimates that the country generates approximately 146,000 tonnes of e-waste annually, and that another 150,000 tonnes of used PCs, printers and other IT devices enter its ports illegally. Greenpeace International released a report (GreenPeace International, 2005) in August 2005 about the hazardous chemicals found in scrap yards in India that include tin, lead, copper, cadmium and antimony in the soil and local rivers around scrap yards where the electronic waste is recycled. It also emphasized the fact that all stages in e-waste processing could release substantial quantities of toxic heavy metals and organic compounds into the workplace environment. HEALTH HAZARDS The e-waste recycling and disposal operations found in developing countries are extremely polluting and likely to be very damaging to human health (Robert Bortner, 2008). According to (Habib Beary, 2005), computers, refrigerators, televisions and mobiles contain more than 1,000 different toxic materials. Chemicals such as beryllium, found in computer motherboards, and cadmium in chip resistors and semiconductors are poisonous and can lead to cancer. Chromium in floppy disks, lead in batteries and computer monitors and mercury in alkaline batteries and fluorescent lamps also pose severe health risks. The author (Mike Mcphate, 2004) writes about the patients suffering from problems such as bleeding from the throat and breathlessness, lung ailments including asthma, bronchitis and chronic lung infections, relating these to e-waste recycling methods used, burning of wires and handling of green circuit boards such as the task of recovering copper from printed circuit boards (PCBs). The author also shows the concern to the use of a brew of nitric acid, a toxic substance during the recycling process that releases copper as well as cancer-causing lead and mercury. According to (Emmanuel K. Dogbevi, 2007), plastics used to house computer equipment and cover wire cables to prevent flammability often contain poly-brominates flame retardants, a class of dangerous chemicals. Studies have shown that ingesting these substances may increase the risk of cancer, liver damage, and immune system dysfunction. The chemicals contained in e-waste are a cocktail of dangerous pollutants that kill both the environment and humans slowly. The recycling units are mostly in the residential areas, where children play with trash. This can lead to further health hazards. The example, as in (Andrew Pollack, 1984), specifies As batteries have become smaller, especially with the introduction of button-shaped versions, infants have started swallowing them. A swallowed battery can burn holes in the intestines and cause inflammations. SOLUTIONS FOR INDIA It is not that there is no solution for this problem. There are various articles such as (Intersindia.com, 2007), where the authors give suggestions to keep a check on this seemingly uncontrolled problem of recycling. However, to give importance to such ideas and to implement these, there is a need to understand the health hazards of this unwatched process of recycling. There is also the need of bringing health awareness to masses regarding this issue. As this recycling industry contributes to the economics of the country, the need is also to study the health impacts and to relate these directly to the recycling process. Such studies will not only help in designing controlled, supervised and monitored processed of recycling e-waste but will also help in cautious reduction of e-waste. RELATED RESEARCHES The research conducted by (Xia Huo et. Al, 2007) found that the lead contamination from e-waste processing appears to have reached the level considered to be a serious threat to children’s health around the e-waste recycling area, and that the elevated Blood Lead Levels in Guiyu children are common as a result of exposure to lead contamination caused by primitive e-waste recycling activities. Another important research, (Annao. W. Leung et. Al, 2007), is the human health risk assessment study conducted concerning dust exposure at an uncontrolled e-waste recycling site and the results can serve as a case study for similar e-waste activities in countries such as Africa, India, and Vietnam where e-waste is becoming a growing problem. COEH, Center for Occupational and Environmental Health is also involved in e-Waste management research projects and claims to be the only such center out of the 240 Medical Colleges in India (T. K. Joshi and Neeraj Gupta, 2008). HOSPITALS’ PROJECTS AND NEW INITIATIVES In recent years, some U.S. hospitals have taken proactive measures to not only minimize or eliminate the impact of hazardous e-waste on their nation’s environment, but also for saving the valuable dollars as well. One such hospital (Premier, 2009) in New England, Hartford, CT-based Saint Francis Care entered into an agreement with WeRecycle!, in 2005. The combined effort was not to allow hazardous e-waste to be sent to solid waste landfills, incinerators, prison recycling operations or developing countries. In India, it is needed that hospitals should get involved in such life saving initiatives for people of India and the ‘Mother Earth’. Hospitals in India can come up with different initiatives to help in this regard, such as To conduct the public health awareness programs on dangers of uncontrolled e-waste recycling. To find the impact on health on people working in E-waste recycling units in India. To find the impact on health on people living near the E-waste recycling units in India, specially the pregnant women and children. To relate to specific health problems and their increase to e-waste recycling issues. In paper (Violet N. Pinto, 2009), the table 1, specifies E-Waste Component, the process needed for dismantling, the related potential occupational and environmental hazards. Such studies should be used by the hospitals to create mass awareness. The hospitals can take the initiatives of keeping a check or recording the patient’s health history if it is suspected to be related to E-Waste mismanagement. The hospitals can also further publish reports, based on such recordings for making the government alert on the increase of health problems of people in a given location, which is suspected to be related to E-waste. DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM AS PART OF E-WASTE RECYCLING MANAGEMENT Hospitals in India can provide a real measure of problem severity, may it be the rate of increase of stress and suicides, the criminal offences, the domestic fights, even the impact of mosquito-bites. However, this is only possible if hospitals play a pro-active role in monitoring, recording and analysis of factors related to life and death, even those that are seemingly not directed related to the diagnostics and treatments. Hospitals’ role play had been considered related to E-Waste Management only to the extent of hospital or bio-waste management. However, as the sufferers of the E-Waste recycling processes also come to the hospitals for treatment, the track of recycling processes, impacts, health hazard and possible treatments can be kept easily by hospitals. HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM (Hospitals’ initiatives and Projects/ Collaborations) Check on the health hazards related to E-Waste Recycling Recording Cause and Impact on Patient’s health. Keeping Track of such patient’s occupational processes and habits. Recording the number of similar cases in the locality. Research Analysis on treatments and improvements. Public Awareness Schemes. Reports Publications. Figure 1: A Health Monitoring Framework CONCLUSIONS This paper has presented the areas of Health Monitoring System, which can be further elaborated and embedded in the daily processes of hospitals. The E-waste Management Systems with health monitoring frameworks can lead to results in only the health improvement of patients but also in public thought and views related to E-waste recycling. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors are grateful to Fausta Research and Development Pvt. Ltd, Faridabad, for making of ‘Fausta Research Community’, to motivate research collaborations between researchers and multi-disciplinary organizations, and initiating the IT and healthcare projects. REFERENCES Andrew Pollack, Battery Pollution Worries Japanese, Published: June 25, 1984, The New York Times, retrieved on 3rd June 2008, http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?sec=technologyres=990CE3DB1439F936A15755C0A962948260 Annao. W. Leung et. al, Heavy Metals Concentrations of Surface Dust from e-Waste Recycling and Its Human Health Implications in Southeast China, (2007), Environ. Sci. Technol. , Retrieved on 5th June 2008, ban.org/Library/Scientific/Leung_HM_Dust_Guiyu_2008.pdf Emmanuel K. Dogbevi, E-Waste is killing Ghanaians slowly, August 27, 2007, http://ghananewsonline.blogspot.com/2007/08/e-waste-is-killing-ghanaians-slowly.html, Retrieved on 3rd June 2008. GreenPeace International, Toxic Technology contaminates e-waste recycling yards in China and India, 17 August 2005, Retrieved on 3rd June 2008, greenpeace.org/international/press/releases/toxic-technology-contaminates Habib Beary, Bangalore faces e-waste hazards, BBC News, Bangalore, Last Updated: Monday, 31 January, 2005, Retrieved on 3rd June 2008, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4222521.stm Intersindia.com, E-Waste Management in Indian Scenario, 2007, Retrieved on 5th June 2008, internsindia.com/download.php?download_file=../profiles/E-Waste.www.internsindia.com.pdf. Mercedes Oestermann van Essen, â€Å"The Air You Breathe Is Full Of Toxins, And I Am Not Talking About Exhaust Fumes†, Retrieved on 3rd June 2008, content4reprint.com/health/the-air-you-breathe-is-full-of-toxins-and-i-am-not-talking-about-exhaust-fumes.htm Mike Mcphate, E-waste a health hazard, Delhi NewsLine, Retrieved on 3rd June 2008, http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=81450, Published: Sunday , April 11, 2004 Premier, ‘Saint Francis Care’s e-waste initiatives save environment, costs’, premierinc.com/quality-safety/tools-services/safety/green-link/green-corner/st-francis-ewaste.pdf, retrieved on: 12th Oct 2009. Rachel Kesselman, Intel Brief: E-waste hazards, for ISN Security Watch (27/07/07), Mercyhurst-ISN intelligence, Retrieved on 3rd June 2008, isn.ethz.ch/news/sw/details.cfm?id=17914 Robert Bortner, Acumen International, Asia, Near East (ANE) Computer Recycling and Disposal (E-Waste), Retrieved on 5th June 2008, dot-com-alliance.org/resourceptrdb/uploads/partnerfile/upload/258/Ewaste%20Research%20Final.doc T. K. Joshi, Neeraj Gupta, Impact of E-Waste on Health along with case studies, Retrieved on 5th June 2008, www.assocham.org/events/recent/event_64/Dr_T_K_Joshi_Dr_Neeraj_Gupta_COEH.ppt Toxic Links, E-WASTE IN INDIA System failure imminent – take action NOW!, Retrieved on 5th June 2008, noharm.org/details.cfm?type=documentid=1175 Violet N. Pinto, â€Å"E-waste Hazard The Impending Challenge†, http://medind.nic.in/iay/t08/i2/iayt08i2p65.pdf, Retrieved on: 14th Oct, 2009. Xia Huo et. al, Elevated Blood Lead Levels of Children in Guiyu, an Electronic Waste Recycling Town in China, Environ Health Perspect. 2007 July; 115(7): 1113–1117. ––––– ***** ––––– Research Papers on Health Hazards of E-Waste Recycling and Hospitals' Role in IndiaDefinition of Export QuotasInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductGenetic EngineeringThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceTwilight of the UAWThe Project Managment Office SystemBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug Use

Sufism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Sufism - Essay Example Sufism shows the influence of other major religions such as Christianity, Buddhism and Hinduism (Isfahan Web site). While the underlying precept of Sufism is renunciation of the worldly life and a repudiation of conflict and strife, history shows that Sufism often transcended its’ spiritual mandate to function as a political or even a military power. The emphasis of Sufism is on Unity with God: Tawhid, through an allegorical interpretation of the Qur’an. The orthodox conformity to the religious laws of the Shari’ah is but an external guide to repudiate the worldly life. The crucial step is the achievement of an inner, personal experience of the Divine, in which the self becomes one with God. This can be achieved by tariqa, or mediation, and dhikr, or remembrance of God. Sufism encourages self-denial and ascetism and centers round the love of God: mahabbah, through the subjugation of the ego, or nafs (Univ. of Calgary Web site). Sufism includes many orders or mystical brotherhoods: Tariqas, organized on a structure developed by Al-Ghazali (1058-1111), who is credited with bringing Sufism firmly within the ambit of orthodox Islam theology, making it a more popular, inclusive movement. Each order is headed by a spiritual leader, or Shaykh, and follows a distinctive path. The disciples, faqirs or mudirs, live communally. Their mystical practices include chanting of divine phrases, breath control, communal chanting and ecstatic dancing (the Whirling Dervishes of Turkey). The main Sufi brotherhoods are the Qadiriya, Chistiya, Shadhilya, Naqshbandiya, Ni’matallahiya and Meleviye, although many others, each with its’ own emphasis regarding practice and observances, are found in various parts of the world (Godlas, Sufism). In what may be viewed as a contradiction in terms, Sufism has been associated with movements of political and historical significance over the ages. The Safavid Empire in Persia, one